7 Examples of the Most Phenomenal International Civil Dispute Cases in the World

Civil law is one of the terms in the realm of legal science that is very familiar to our ears. Usually, the term civil law is used as the 'opposite' of the term criminal law. The term civil law can be synonymous with civil Recht or private Recht, namely the law that regulates the interests of individuals or individuals. The interests of individuals or individuals as citizens need to be considered, even if they are outside their own country while carrying out their needs abroad.

Therefore, international civil law emerged as an example of an international civil case on inheritance disputes. In general, the notion of international civil law is the overall legal principles and rules governing civil relations that cross state borders or the law governing civil legal relations between legal actors who are each subject to different civil (national) laws. Some experts also define the open meaning of international civil law, including:

According to Prof. Dr. Mochtar Kusumaatmaja, the definition of International Civil Law is the overall rules and legal principles governing civil relations across national borders, or in other words, the law governing the relationship between legal actors, each of which is subject to different (national) civil law.

According to R.H. Graveson, International Private Law is concerned with cases in which relevant facts related to another legal system, either because its territoriality can give rise to its legal problems or foreign law to decide cases or cause problems in the implementation of the jurisdiction of the court itself or foreign.

To resolve a conflict or a person's international civil problem, we are required to understand the various meanings of international civil law that exist first. Then, we determine the link point of the problem, so that it can be known whether it is in the realm of international civil law or not and the clarity of elements and facts in the field as examples of cases of human rights violations in society. If everything is clear, then the case is decided. Here are seven examples of the most phenomenal International Civil Dispute Cases in the world.

This dispute was caused by the dispute over ownership of Daioyu/Senkaku Island between China-Japan which has been going on since 1969. This dispute began when ECAFE stated that the waters around Daioyu/Senkaku Island contained large amounts of hydrocarbons. Then in 1970, Japan and the United States signed an agreement to return Okinawa, including the Daioyu/Sekaku islands, to Japan. This is what China then protested because China felt that the island belonged to him. This dispute further developed in 1978, when Japan built a lighthouse on Daioyu Island to legitimize the island as a sanction for patent infringement and examples of film copyright infringement.

The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait was caused by the decline in the Iraqi economy after the Eight Years' War with Iran in the Iran-Iraq war. Iraq desperately needs petrodollars as its economic income while the low price of petrodollars due to excess oil production by Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates which Saddam Hussein considers an economic war and disputes over the Rumeyla Oil Field even though in the post-war against Iran, Kuwait helped Iraq by sending supplies oil for free. In addition, Iraq raised the issue of border disputes due to Britain's legacy of power-sharing after the fall of Turkish Ottoman rule.

The Preah Vihear Temple dispute since 1962 has sparked a bloody conflict between Thailand and Cambodia. The conflict over the temple dispute broke out again on April 22. The Cambodian and Thai governments claim that the temple belongs to both countries. In 1962, the International Court of Justice in The Hague ruled that the 11th-century temple belonged to Cambodia. However, the main gate of the temple is in the territory of Thailand. Until now, gunfire is still going on at the border near the temple between the two sides, until now 18 Soldiers from both sides were declared dead and triggering more than 50 thousand residents to be evacuated to refugee centers.

Due to the claim to Indonesian territory, it turns out that it is not only done by Malaysia, but also by Timor Leste, a country that has just been established since it separated from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in 1999. This claim to Indonesian territory was carried out by some citizens of Timor Leste, precisely on the border of Timor Leste with the territory of Indonesia, namely the border between North Central Timor (RI) and Timor Leste.

It started after the second world war. when the people of Israel (Jews) think to have their state. (According to their history, they left the land of Israel after the crusades because they were accused of being pro-Christian by the Islamic army, which was then inhabited by philistines or Palestine). Thoughts in the form of Zionism were driven by the genocide by the Nazis in the second world war. The choice of the location of the country, of course, was their ancestral land which at that time was a British colony. because ancestrally they have it but also religiously some Jewish religious places are there. Although not openly as well as an example of a violation of democracy.

Western countries agree and support it (the reason is that before the Palestinians lived there, the land belonged to Israel). On the other hand, the Arab countries argued that because Germany had committed genocide, it was German land that had to be set aside to become a Jewish state. Behind all the political intrigue and the advantages and disadvantages of political, strategic, etc. Britain voluntarily withdrew from the country and gave anyone to claim it. Since Israel was more prepared, it first proclaimed the state.

The Republic of China (Taiwan) gained international support for its decision to secede from the People's Republic of China (PRC). Some countries even suggested abandoning China's name and changing it to the Republic of Taiwan to break away from the communist state. Before World War 2, Taiwan was owned by Japan while the name Republic of China refers to mainland China. After World War 2, Japan ceded Taiwan to the Republic of China. But because of the civil war that occurred between the PRC and the Republic of China.

The ownership of Taiwan became unclear so, in the end, it declared itself a sovereign country independent of the PRC which controlled mainland China. The PRC refuses to recognize Taiwan as a country and does not establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognize Taiwan. Until now, Taiwan has not gained full recognition as a country. Only 23 countries have formal diplomatic relations with the island nation while others, despite recognizing Taiwan as a country, opt to establish informal diplomatic relations.

The territory of Gibraltar has been in dispute for years. Its strategic position in the Strait of Gibraltar allows access to the Mediterranean Sea and the Suez, which are important shipping and international trade routes. Currently, the military control of the strait is held by Britain and Morocco although Spain has sizable military bases in the same area. Initially, Gibraltar was occupied by the Anglo-Dutch powers in 1704. Then in 1713, Spain handed it over to England through the Treaty of Utrecht as an example of a violation of citizens' rights.

Since then, Spain has tried three times to take back Gibraltar but to no avail. Referendums held in 1967 and 2002 aimed at returning the territory to Spain, did the opposite, with 99% of the population choosing to remain under British rule. Indeed, there is no significant tension between Spain and Britain over these territorial claims, but Spain still does not want to relinquish its political power over Gibraltar.

That was 7 Examples of Cases of International Civil Disputes. Hopefully, it can be useful.